Conventional view of its history is that of dynasty alternation between the periods of disunity and political unity becoming dominated by the foreign. Recent study shows the stone tools found at Xiaochangliang are dated back to 1.3 million years ago. Famous specimen of Homo erectus found in the China is called as Peking man discovered in early 1923.

In year 1919, May 4 th movement began as response to insult imposed on the China by Treaty of Versailles ending World War; it became protest movement quickly about domestic situation in China . Discrediting of liberal Western philosophy of Chinese intellectuals was followed by adoption of more radical lines on thought. In 1920s, Yat-Sen established revolutionary base in south of China , and then set out unite fragmented nation. After the death of sun from cancer in year 1925, protégés, seized control in bringing most of central and south China under the rule of military campaign that was known as Northern Expedition.

After second Word War, in 1945, as part of Japanese surrender, the Japanese troops of Taiwan also surrendered to Republic of Chinese troops giving Chiang effective of Taiwan control. Chiang defeated by the CPC forces in Chinese mainland in year 1949, fled to government of Taiwan and remnant of army along with most of KMT leadership and large number of supporters. With victory of CPC's, Taiwan was politically separated again from the mainland of china, it continues to be governed by Republic of China to present day.